30+ bag-sourcing and manufacturing terms, defined in plain English. Bookmark this free reference before you talk to any factory — so you negotiate from a position of knowledge.
Original Equipment Manufacturing — you supply the design/tech pack; the factory produces to your exact specification. Best for a unique brand.
Original Design Manufacturing — the factory's existing designs, which you brand and may slightly modify. Faster and cheaper than full custom.
Selling a factory's existing product under your own brand name, logo and packaging. MOQ from 50 pcs at Jinman.
An unbranded product you can label as your own with minimal changes. Closest to "ready to brand".
Minimum Order Quantity — the smallest units per style/order. Jinman: 1 pc in-stock, 100 pcs custom OEM.
The specification file (drawings, materials, hardware, dimensions, Pantone codes) a factory needs to make your design.
Polyurethane "leather" — synthetic, low-cost, water-resistant, consistent finish. The workhorse of fashion wholesale.
Real animal hide — premium, durable, ages well, 3–5x the cost of PU. Used for high-end lines.
EU regulation restricting hazardous chemicals in products. REACH-compliant materials are tested for heavy metals & azo dyes — required for the EU.
California's safe-drinking-water & toxin law. Compliance matters for selling bags in California/US.
Conformity mark for products sold in the European Economic Area. Relevant for bags with electronics (e.g. LED, charging).
Global Recycled Standard — certifies recycled content (e.g. rPET). Supports "eco" marketing claims with proof.
Free On Board — seller loads goods on the ship at origin port; buyer pays sea freight + import duty.
Cost, Insurance and Freight — seller pays freight & insurance to destination port; buyer still pays import duty.
Delivered Duty Paid — seller handles freight AND pays import duty/tax. Goods arrive at your door duty-paid. Easiest for new importers.
Harmonized System code used by customs to classify goods (handbags = Chapter 4202). Determines the duty rate.
Total cost to get goods to your door: FOB + freight + duty + VAT + clearance. Use it to set retail price.
The transport document proving shipment and ownership of goods in transit.
Acceptance Quality Limit — the sampling standard for inspection (e.g. AQL 2.5). Defines how many defects are acceptable in a batch.
Pre-Production sample — the approved reference all bulk production is measured against.
The sealed perfect sample kept to judge bulk quality at final inspection.
The universal color-matching system used to specify exact colors so batches are consistent.
Quality Control — checks during and after production. Jinman runs 3-stage, 30-point QC with photo reports.
Time from order confirmation to finished goods. Stock: 7–15 days; custom OEM: 20–35 days.
You now speak the factory's language. Send us your design or pick a stock style — we'll guide you through MOQ, sampling and shipping in plain English.
OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturing) means the buyer supplies the design or tech pack and the factory produces it to spec. ODM (Original Design Manufacturing) means the factory provides existing designs that the buyer can brand and slightly modify. Jinman offers both: full custom OEM/ODM from your sketch, or private-label of 143+ in-stock designs.
MOQ = Minimum Order Quantity, the smallest number of units a factory will produce per style/order. At Jinman, MOQ is 1 piece for in-stock designs and 100 pieces per style for custom OEM/ODM. Low MOQ lets small brands test the market without large inventory.
FOB (Free On Board) means the seller delivers goods loaded on the ship at the origin port; the buyer pays international freight and import duty. DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) means the seller handles freight AND pays import duty/tax, so goods arrive at the buyer's door duty-paid. DDP is simpler for new importers.
REACH is the EU regulation restricting hazardous chemicals in products. REACH-compliant bags use materials tested for restricted substances (e.g. heavy metals, azo dyes). Jinman's materials are REACH and CA Prop 65 compliant, with SGS/AZO test reports available on request, which is essential for selling in the EU and US.
AQL 2.5 is the defect threshold a shipment must stay within to pass inspection, with defects classified as critical, major or minor. It is the most common standard for consumer goods and it is the standard we inspect to before dispatch.
A counter sample is produced to match a reference you supplied, proving the factory can hit your standard. A PP sample is the approved benchmark that bulk production must match. Both come before bulk, and each is cheaper than finding the problem afterwards.
DDP is simplest for a first order because the seller handles freight, duty and clearance to your door. More experienced importers often move to FOB once they have their own broker and want control over the freight.
Hardware is where a lot of cost and a lot of defects sit. These are the terms you will see on a quotation or a tech pack.
These appear on inspection reports and in supplier communication. Knowing them prevents most disputes.
These decide who pays for what and when risk transfers.
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